It is still not clear why apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants are linked to human longevity. While the gene is well-known for its role in Alzheimer’s disease, its association with aging remains to be fully understood. There are potential mechanisms involving disruptions in lipid metabolism and effects on the behavior of immune cells. Further studies are needed to explore interactions in bone tissue and the gut microbiome. Despite a wealth of data, making sense of it continues to be a challenge.
The APOE variants, specifically ε2 ε3, ε4, and ε3r, are determined by four haplotypes at the APOE locus (19q13.32). This gene is one of the most extensively studied in the human genome. The APOE alleles and their association with CpG islands play a significant role in transcriptional enhancement. The link between APOE and human longevity, as well as Alzheimer’s disease, is being actively investigated, with a focus on epigenetic properties and DNA methylation modifications.
APOE’s involvement in lipid metabolism and its potential impact on healthy aging and longevity is a topic of ongoing research. Additionally, studies have shown a correlation between APOE allele frequencies and longevity, with the ε3 allele being more prevalent in older individuals. This allele may have a greater influence on human lifespan.
Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12121529
