In a groundbreaking achievement, scientists have developed a new type of “robot” composed entirely of living cells, rather than traditional metal, plastic, and wiring.
Published in the journal PNAS, researchers from the University of Vermont and Tufts University have introduced the world to the first-ever “living machines,” known as “xenobots.” These miniature creatures were created using algorithms that mimic natural selection processes.
Co-lead author Joshua Bongard described the xenobots as a new class of artifact, neither traditional robots nor known animal species. They are living, programmable organisms, made from cells taken from frog embryos.
Though currently small in size (around 650-750 microns in diameter), these living machines are already showcasing specialized abilities. One can propel itself through water using two limbs, while another has a pocket for carrying tiny cargo. Potential applications include delivering medicine within the body or cleaning up pollution in the environment.
These squishy “living” machines have several advantages over rigid robots, as they can regenerate and heal themselves when damaged, and are completely biodegradable. The research team used an evolutionary algorithm to guide the design of the xenobots, simulating natural selection to achieve desired tasks.
Aside from their potential practical applications, the creation of xenobots could provide insights into the fundamental algorithms that govern form and function in living organisms. This innovative work opens up new opportunities for understanding life at a deeper level.
