The blood-brain barrier is a vital layer of specialized cells that protect the brain from harmful molecules and cells. When it breaks down and leaks, it can lead to inflammation and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative conditions. Researchers are focusing on circadian rhythm disruption and age-related changes to the gut microbiome as potential mechanisms for blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Additionally, the interplay between circadian rhythms and gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating blood-brain barrier integrity. This review explores the impact of aging on the blood-brain barrier and discusses potential interventions to protect it by targeting the gut microbiota and circadian rhythms.