Small molecule partial reprogramming shows potential in reversing markers of aging in cells by resetting epigenetic changes characteristic of aged tissue. This approach offers promise for future rejuvenation therapies, moving away from genetic interventions. Research groups are exploring the use of small molecules to provoke reprogramming, with promising results. A recent study on fibroblasts from young and aged mice revealed wide-scale changes at multiple omics levels, including upregulation of mitochondrial function and reduction in aging-related metabolites. Functional impacts were observed, including changes in cellular respiration and membrane potential, suggesting the potential for small molecule reprogramming to rejuvenate biological systems and warrant further investigation for in vivo age reversal.
Partial reprogramming through cyclic expression of Yamanaka factors may delay aging-related diseases by shifting cells to younger states. However, challenges such as transgene delivery and teratoma risks hinder in vivo applications. Recent advances in using compound cocktails for reprogramming show promise, but the mechanisms of partial reprogramming by chemicals are still unclear.
