The aging immune system undergoes detrimental changes, becoming less effective and more inflammatory. However, some changes are compensatory, though not sufficient to halt the overall decline. Researchers have analyzed the immune cell populations in older individuals, including centenarians, and found that natural killer cells increase in number with age, which is considered an adaptation to the aged environment. This adaptation may contribute to the extreme longevity of the oldest centenarians. The findings suggest that these immune changes are not unfavorable for centenarians, supporting the idea that immune aging is a differential adaptation rather than a general immune alteration. This adapted immune response enables the oldest centenarians to successfully adapt to a history of insults and achieve remarkable longevity. For more information, visit the link: https://doi.org/10.37825/2239-9747.1041