The terms “IBS” (irritable bowel syndrome) and “IBD” (inflammatory bowel disease) are often confused, but they are distinct conditions with key differences. According to Anthony Lembo, MD, a gastroenterologist and Director of Research for the Cleveland Clinic’s Digestive Disease Institute, while there are similarities in how IBS and IBD present, they are separate conditions.
IBS is a chronic condition that can cause a range of uncomfortable gastrointestinal symptoms, from cramps to diarrhea and constipation. On the other hand, IBD includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which involve inflammation in the digestive tract. Unlike IBS, IBD can cause long-term damage due to the inflammation.
Both conditions have unknown causes, but potential factors for IBS include abnormal muscle contractions in the gut, nerve issues, changes in gut microbiome, or food intolerances. For IBD, causes may involve a malfunctioning immune system, environment, and genetics.
Symptoms of IBS may include bowel movement changes, abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation or diarrhea. Those with IBD may experience diarrhea, abdominal pain, gas, bloating, blood in stool, fatigue, and weight loss.
While IBS and IBD can vary in severity, IBD can lead to serious complications, including an increased risk of colon cancer. Diagnosis of both conditions involves ruling out other gastrointestinal disorders. Treatment for IBS focuses on lifestyle changes, avoiding trigger foods, and potentially medication or therapies. IBD management also involves medication and lifestyle modifications.
It’s important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience symptoms of IBS or IBD, as both conditions can be managed with proper care. Additionally, regular monitoring is crucial, as symptoms can sometimes mimic those of colon cancer. Remember, IBS cannot turn into IBD, but it is possible for someone to experience IBD symptoms before an official diagnosis.
