Mental health challenges during and after pregnancy are unfortunately quite prevalent. Studies have shown that postpartum depression affects around 17 percent of pregnant individuals, while prenatal depression affects between 20 and 40 percent. Among Black pregnant individuals, the numbers are even higher, affecting 29 to 44 percent. The consequences of pregnancy-related depression can be severe, leading to intense mood changes, exhaustion, and feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, according to the CDC.
In some cases, postpartum depression can even escalate to suicidal thoughts, behaviors, or attempts. Two recent studies from Sweden sought to quantify the risk of suicide among those suffering from perinatal and postpartum depression. The results were alarming.
Both studies used data from the Swedish nationwide health registers from 2001 to 2017 to provide a comprehensive, population-level look at perinatal and postpartum depression.
The first study, published in JAMA Network Open, found that mothers with perinatal depression had three times the risk of developing suicidal behavior compared to mothers without perinatal depression. The risk remained elevated even 18 years after diagnosis, indicating the long-term impact of perinatal depression.
- live alone (i.e. not with the father of the child)
- have lower levels of education and income
- be first-time moms
- smoke three months before pregnancy
- have a greater BMI during early pregnancy
- have a history of mental health disorders and suicidal behavior
- have C-sections
- lose a child within one year of birth
The BMJ study focused on the relationship between perinatal depression and death, specifically by suicide. Over the 18-year period, patients diagnosed with perinatal depression were over three times more likely to die of any cause. Suicide was a more common cause of death among those with perinatal depression compared to those without this condition.
The risk of dying by suicide for patients with perinatal depression was more than six times higher than those without the condition, and this risk was particularly pronounced for those with postpartum depression.
Although both studies had limitations, such as the lack of diversity in the data set, the research highlights the need for greater understanding and intervention in perinatal depression and its associated risks.
The new information emphasizes the critical need for vigilant clinical monitoring and timely intervention for individuals experiencing perinatal depression, to prevent such devastating outcomes.
If you or a loved one are experiencing depression or having thoughts of suicide, resources are available. To get help, call or text 988 to reach the the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. You can also visit their website for more resources.
If you’re struggling with mental health, these apps can help:
