Scientists from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory used a visible-infrared imaging spectrometer equipped plane to conduct flights over an oil field in the San Joaquin Valley. The spectrometer revealed a large plume of methane in the air, prompting further observation and finally, the detection of a fuel line leak at an oil well. This leak discovered in July 2020 was classified as a “super emitter,” which denotes a significant release of methane. Super emitters can occur due to intentional or unintentional processes, and they release a highly potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.
The discovery led to the EPA’s methane regulation announced at COP28, with the goal to reduce methane emissions by 80% by 2038 and avoid 58 million tons of methane emissions. The rule includes a “super-emitter program,” which involves using remote sensing technologies like airborne spectrometers and satellites to monitor oil and gas facilities and report large releases to the EPA. This program aims to hold operators accountable, while also allowing the public to monitor nearby operations.
Satellites are expected to play a significant role in monitoring methane emissions, with the Methane Alert and Response System using satellites to issue alerts for 127 plumes in the last year. However, despite these advancements, frontline communities continue to live near oil and gas production sites, including those with abandoned wells that are potential sources of methane emissions.
The effectiveness of these regulations will depend on robust enforcement, as emphasized by advocates and environmental organizations. The EPA rule is expected to go into effect early next year, but the certification of monitoring organizations and subsequent enforcement will determine its success in reducing methane emissions and protecting frontline communities. Organizations like the Environmental Defense Fund and GHGSat are investing in satellite technology to monitor methane emissions and support these efforts.
