In Search of Stem Cells in Immortal Lower Animals
Some lower animals, like the hydra, exhibit immortality as their risk of mortality remains constant over time. Other marine species, such as certain jellyfish and sea anemones, also display remarkable regenerative abilities without experiencing aging. Unlike animals with complex nervous systems, these creatures rely on constant regeneration for their longevity. This raises questions about the role of stem cells in their exceptional regenerative capacities.
While humans and vertebrates have limited regenerative abilities, other animal groups possess potent stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types, facilitating robust regeneration. The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, known for its asexual reproduction and lack of aging, presents an intriguing subject for stem cell research. Scientists have recently identified a population of potential multipotent stem cells in these animals, characterized by the expression of genes essential for cell development and germ cell formation.
By manipulating the nanos2 gene using CRISPR technology, researchers have confirmed its role in germ cell production in sea anemones, a function conserved for over 600 million years. Further studies aim to uncover the unique properties of sea anemone stem cells responsible for their perpetual youth.
