Exercise is known to improve cognitive function and neurogenesis, the process of creating new neurons in the brain. Research shows that exercise can reverse age-related changes in microglia, immune cells in the brain responsible for maintaining synaptic connections. These findings suggest that exercise may be beneficial for preventing age-related deterioration in the hippocampus and maintaining brain health. By rejuvenating microglia, exercise promotes a more youthful gene expression signature and helps support cognitive function in the aging brain.