Evidence supports the notion that enhancing autophagy plays a crucial role in slowing aging and extending lifespan in animals and mammals. Calorie restriction and mild stresses trigger autophagy, which recycles damaged proteins and cellular structures. By reducing molecular damage and subsequent cellular senescence, strategies like calorie restriction and mTOR inhibition can potentially prolong healthspan. While exercise remains a benchmark for late-life health benefits, exploring drug development to boost autophagy is a promising avenue. However, the effectiveness of autophagy-inducing approaches may diminish with longer lifespans, highlighting the complexity of longevity interventions. Mitophagy, the process of clearing damaged mitochondria, is particularly vital in aging cells, but pharmaceutical interventions targeting mitochondrial function have yet to surpass the benefits of exercise. Despite ongoing research and investment in autophagy-enhancing therapies, the potential for substantial increases in human longevity through these avenues remains uncertain. The Hevolution Foundation’s recent funding of mitophagy-focused drug development underscores the growing interest in targeting mitochondrial health for treating age-related conditions and neurodegenerative diseases. The investment aims to support clinical trials of Vandria’s VNA-318, a promising mitophagy inducer designed to improve cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases. This continued focus on autophagy in clinical development highlights the ongoing pursuit of innovative strategies to combat aging and age-related diseases.