Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is characterized by chronic inflammation in affected tissues, especially in aging individuals. Research on macrophage behavior in inflammation is crucial, as these immune cells can switch between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) states, impacting tissue structure and function. In primary OA, synovial inflammation plays a key role, with polarized macrophages contributing to joint pain and cartilage damage. Understanding macrophage polarization pathways and their impact on OA progression is essential for developing new treatment strategies. For more information on this topic, read the article “Macrophage Polarization in Osteoarthritis – Fight Aging!” at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-024-05052-9.