Periodontitis, commonly known as gum disease, is believed to play a role in various age-related conditions by allowing harmful bacteria and their byproducts to enter the bloodstream, triggering chronic inflammation. Research has shown that certain bacterial species associated with periodontitis are also linked to an increased risk of head and neck cancer. Chronic inflammation creates an environment conducive to the growth of cancerous tissue.
Studies have long indicated that individuals with poor oral health are more susceptible to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) compared to those with healthier oral hygiene. While previous research has connected specific bacteria in the oral microbiome to these cancers, identifying the exact bacterial types involved has been a challenge.
To address this gap, researchers analyzed data from three large-scale studies involving 159,840 Americans to explore the relationship between various factors, including oral microbiome composition, and cancer risk. Participants provided saliva samples for microbial analysis, and over the course of 10 to 15 years, researchers monitored the development of tumors. The analysis revealed 13 bacterial species in the oral microbiome that either increased or decreased the risk of developing HNSCC by 30%. When combined with five species commonly associated with gum disease, the overall risk rose by 50%.
This comprehensive study also considered the potential role of fungi in HNSCC but found no significant correlation. The findings underscore the importance of maintaining good oral health and addressing periodontitis to reduce the risk of head and neck cancer.
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