Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common issue related to aging and injury. Various methods have been explored to enhance disc tissue regeneration, not only for post-injury recovery but also for addressing age-related structural and functional declines. While stem cell therapies have been tried, the lack of data from patients hinders research progress. Exosome therapies are gaining traction due to logistical benefits. Researchers are now focusing on using exosomes for gene therapy delivery, such as introducing FOXF1 to promote regeneration in degenerated intervertebral discs. This innovative approach shows promise in improving tissue structure, function, and reducing pain in animal models.
