The skin is a multifaceted organ with numerous layers, cell types, and structures that work together to maintain function and regeneration capabilities. While creating a skin-like structure is challenging enough, incorporating sweat glands, hair follicles, and other complex features adds another level of complexity. However, the skin’s accessibility and frequent serious injuries that result in large skin loss make it an ideal testing ground for improving bioprinting techniques. These techniques need to be capable of inserting intricate small-scale structures, manufacturing different skin layers, and being used directly at the site of injury. If successful in assembling complex skin features through 3D printing and proving their efficacy in clinical settings, these techniques could potentially be adapted for regenerating other organs.
“Reconstructive surgery for facial or head trauma often leads to scarring or hair loss. Our work showcases bioprinted full-thickness skin with hair growth potential in rats, bringing us closer to achieving natural-looking reconstructions. This team is the first to intraoperatively print multiple skin layers, including the hypodermis, offering immediate skin repair options during surgery.”
The hypodermis, comprising connective tissue and fat, is crucial for stem cell fat production and plays a vital role in wound healing and hair growth. Researchers utilized adipose tissue and stem cells from patients to create bioinks for printing, allowing precise control over the skin’s structure and function. By directly printing into the injury site, the team aims to regenerate the hypodermis to aid in various skin processes and functions.”
