In April 2022, the UK government introduced legislation requiring large businesses, including restaurants, cafes, and takeaway establishments, to display calorie information on menus as part of the government’s efforts to combat obesity. This mandate includes the display of calorie information on non-pre-packaged food and beverages as well as daily recommended calorie needs. The public health minister, Maggie Throup, emphasized the importance of making it easier for people to make healthier food choices through these measures (Department of Health and Social Care, 2022).
Similar strategies have been implemented in other countries such as Canada, the United States, and Australia. However, recent research has raised doubts about the effectiveness of this legislation. A Cochrane review found that only a small number of low-quality studies suggest that calorie information on menus leads to a decrease in calories ordered or purchased (Crockett et al. 2018). Concerns have also been raised about the potential harm these measures may have on individuals with eating disorders (EDs). Leading UK charity for EDs, Beat, documented concerns about the legislation, with an online petition opposing the plans garnering over 29,000 signatures. Given that EDs affect a significant portion of the population, there is a need to investigate the impact of calorie labelling on menus for individuals with EDs.
The authors of the present study explored the perceived impact of calorie labelling on menus on individuals with EDs (Frances et al., 2023). The introduction of calorie labelling on menus in England has sparked debate about the potential harm this could cause to people with eating disorders.
Methods:
An online survey was conducted, involving individuals aged 16 and over with self-reported experience of a current or past ED. The survey included open-ended questions exploring the impact of calorie labelling on menus. A total of 399 participants completed the survey, with demographic information indicating that 91% identified as female and white, and 39% identified as LGBTQIA+.
Results:
Six themes emerged from the analysis of survey responses: impacts on relationships, exclusion and increased isolation, restricted freedom, dis/embodiment, anger and frustration at the perpetuation of diet culture, and personal responsibility. The findings suggest that calorie labelling legislation may exacerbate feelings of isolation, guilt, and shame among individuals with EDs.
Conclusions:
The study concludes that the majority of individuals with EDs perceive calorie labelling legislation as having a negative impact, leading to increased feelings of isolation and emotional distress. While a minority may find the legislation helpful, this could be attributed to an illusion of control. The study highlights the potential dangers of weight-centred policies for individuals with EDs.
Strengths and Limitations:
The qualitative nature of the study provides valuable insights into the impact of calorie labelling on menus for individuals with EDs. The large sample size and analysis methodology enhance the credibility of the findings. However, limitations include the lack of diversity in the sample and the potential bias introduced by researchers’ lived experiences with EDs. Further research is needed to explore the experiences of men with EDs and body image concerns in relation to calorie labelling on menus.
Implications for Practice:
The study underscores the need for more research and careful consideration of the potential harm that calorie labelling legislation may have on individuals with EDs. This research has important implications for policymakers, healthcare providers, and advocacy groups working to support individuals with EDs in navigating food environments that may trigger disordered eating behaviors.
