Bipolar disorder, also known as bipolar affective disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings between depression and mania, with stable periods in between. It affects approximately 1.2% of the global population. Individuals with bipolar disorder face challenges in daily functioning due to the fluctuations in mood. Studies have shown increased mortality rates among individuals with bipolar disorder, with a higher risk of physical illnesses such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, contributing to premature death.
Recent research has focused on understanding the specific causes of mortality in individuals with bipolar disorder. A study by Paljärvi and colleagues aimed to investigate why people with bipolar disorder, particularly those aged 15-64, are more likely to die compared to the general population. The study analyzed causes of death, including external (unnatural) causes like accidents and suicides, as well as somatic (natural) causes such as disease and health problems.
The findings revealed that individuals with bipolar disorder had higher mortality rates, with external causes like accidents and suicides playing a significant role, especially in younger age groups. Older individuals with bipolar disorder were at a higher risk of death from somatic causes compared to the general population. Overall, individuals with bipolar disorder lost around 10 years of life compared to those without the condition. Deaths among individuals with bipolar disorder were three times higher, with suicides being a leading cause of increased mortality.
The study highlighted the importance of addressing both physical and external factors in preventing premature deaths among individuals with bipolar disorder. Strategies tailored to different age groups, focused on preventing substance abuse and suicide, are crucial in reducing excess mortality in this population. Understanding suicidal ideation and behavior in individuals with bipolar disorder can help in developing effective prevention strategies. The study emphasized the need to shift the focus from just physical health issues to considering external factors that contribute to premature death in individuals with bipolar disorder.
