In 2019, the global number of dementia cases reached about 57 million. University College London’s research suggests this figure will surge to over 153 million by 2050. While this may seem daunting, individuals can take steps to distance themselves from this statistic. In July 2024, the Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care revealed that 45% of dementia cases could be prevented by addressing 14 modifiable risk factors. These risk factors manifest at various life stages, including childhood, making it crucial for people to adopt preventive measures well in advance of old age. Lead author Professor Gill Livingston from UCL Psychiatry highlighted the importance of taking action at any point in life to reduce the risk of dementia.
Cigarette smoking poses a significant health risk, with observational studies indicating that smokers have a higher likelihood of developing dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Quitting smoking at any age can help lower the risk, as research shows that smoking during midlife increases the risk more than smoking later in life.
Social isolation, exacerbated by technology, has been described by United States Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy as an “epidemic of loneliness” with links to dementia risk factors like obesity and substance abuse. Building strong social connections is essential for reducing the risk of dementia, as socialization helps exercise the brain and encourages healthy habits like exercise and stress reduction.
Heavy alcohol use heightens the risk of dementia and other health issues, emphasizing the importance of reducing alcohol intake for overall brain and body health. Physical activity at any age is crucial for cognitive health and reducing dementia risk, as it helps improve blood flow and overall brain function.
Hearing loss, especially in mid to late life, has been linked to an increased risk of dementia due to factors like depression and social disconnect. Managing hearing loss through early protection and regular check-ups can significantly lower the risk of cognitive decline.
Head injuries, diabetes, high LDL cholesterol, obesity, visual loss, and hypertension all play significant roles in dementia risk. Preventive measures like treating diabetes, depression, and hypertension, managing high cholesterol and obesity, improving air quality, and seeking early education can help reduce the risk of developing dementia in later life.
Overall, implementing lifestyle changes and managing health conditions early on can significantly lower the risk of dementia and promote overall brain health.
